WHAT IS DETOXIFICATION?

Detoxification consists of 2 main stages: phase 1 and phase 2
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ALCOHOL METABOLISM

Alcohol is absorbed from the stomach and intestines, and less than 10% of the absorbed alcohol is excreted through breath, sweat and urine
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GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE (GST)

Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) enzymes conjugate substrates with glutathione
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UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE (UGT)

UGT enzymes are a superfamily of enzymes that metabolize a wide variety of lipophilic molecules such as bilirubin, steroids, toxins, and drugs
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NFE2L2/Nrf2 (NUCLEAR FACTOR ERYTHROID 2-LIKE 2)

NFE2L2/Nrf2 is key to regulating the body's detoxification and antioxidant system
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N-ACETYL TRANSFERASE (NAT)

NAT, class of enzymes is responsible for the transfer of an acetyl group to convert aromatic amines or hydrazines into aromatic amides and hydrazides
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NQO1 (NAD(P)H QUINONE DEHYDROGENASE 1)

The NQO1 enzyme is found in humans and is encoded by the NQO1 gene
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VKORC1 SNPs (rs9923231, rs9934438)-Warfarin relationship

'Warfarin', a coumarin anticoagulant, is widely used in the prevention and treatment of various thromboembolic diseases
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Nutritional association with PNPLA3 SNP and NAFLD

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndromes
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MOLYBDENUM

Molybdenum, an essential trace element for microorganisms, plants and animals, was discovered in 1778
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VITAMIN B12 (COBALAMIN)

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is an important water-soluble micronutrient that must be taken by humans to maintain health
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SELENIUM

Selenium (Se), exists in two forms: "selenomethionine" in plant tissues and "selenocysteine" in animal tissues
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VITAMIN B2 (RIBOFLAVIN)

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is a water-soluble vitamin and is heat stable
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ZINC (ZN)

Zinc (Zn), an essential mineral for the organism, it has functions in carbohydrate, protein, lipid, nucleic acid, gene expression
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VITAMIN D

Vitamin D affects calcium and phosphate levels in our body and is responsible for bone health
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VITAMIN K

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that is necessary for the function of many proteins involved in blood clotting
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METHYLATION PANEL

DNA methylation constitutes an important component of the epigenetic network
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VITAMIN C

Humans cannot synthesize L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C). As a result, L-ascorbic acid must be obtained from dietary sources
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VITAMIN A

Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) is essential for mammalian vision, reproduction, immune functions, and cell differentiation
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GLUTEN SENSITIVITY

Celiac disease (CD) is a common, inherited, chronic inflammatory condition of the small intestine triggered by gluten proteins found in wheat, barley
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PLANT STEROLS

Functional foods enriched with plant sterols are mentioned as cholesterol-lowering agents in guidelines for the treatment of dyslipidemia
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WHAT IS THE CBS GENE?

CBS, vitamin B6-dependent enzyme that converts homocysteine to serine and cystathionine
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VITAMIN B6

Vitamin B6 is a coenzyme that plays a critical role in many biochemical and physiological processes in the human body
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FOLATE (VITAMIN B9)

Vitamin B9 is represented by the folate group, whose structure is derived from folic acid
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HISTAMINE SENSITIVITY

Histamine is a biogenic amine synthesized by l-histidine decarboxylase (HDC) containing pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6) from the amino acid histidine
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CHOLINE

Choline is an essential nutrient required for the structural integrity of cell membranes and signaling functions, methyl group metabolism
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OMEGA-3

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are fatty acids with multiple desaturations in the aliphatic tail
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FOOD ALLERGY

Food allergy is defined as unexpected effects that occur in the body after oral ingestion of food/food additives,triggered by immunological mechanisms
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LACTOSE INTOLERANCE

Lactose intolerance generally occurs due to impaired production of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) enzyme in intestinal epithelial cells.
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CAFFEINE SENSIVITY

Caffeine, a xanthine alkaloid compound, is widely consumed by humans as it is present in many normal beverages such as tea, coffee, soda drinks
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HOW DOES EPIGENETICS CHANGE ON EXERCISE DNA?

We know that the foods we eat can have either a harmful or beneficial effect on our bodies.
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